/* ==========================================================================
   PERFECT ECOTECH — HOMEPAGE REFERENCE-DRIVEN DESIGN SYSTEM
   Replication of Reference Composition, Spacing Rhythm, Typography,
   Asymmetric Grids, and High-DPI Visual Presentation
   ========================================================================== */

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   00 — Base Structure & Universal Containers
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
.ref-section {
  position: relative;
  width: 100%;
  box-sizing: border-box;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.ref-container {
  max-width: 1280px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 0 clamp(1.5rem, 4vw, 3.5rem);
  width: 100%;
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

/* Eyebrows matching Reference Style (Subtle, tracking, high-contrast) */
.ref-eyebrow {
  display: inline-block;
  font-size: 0.8125rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.16em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: #0284C7;
  margin-bottom: 0.85rem;
}

.ref-eyebrow.text-water { color: #0284C7; }
.ref-eyebrow.text-solar { color: #16A34A; }
.ref-eyebrow.text-power { color: #EA580C; }

.ref-section-title {
  font-size: clamp(2rem, 3.8vw, 3.25rem);
  font-weight: 800;
  line-height: 1.15;
  color: #0F172A;
  letter-spacing: -0.025em;
  margin: 0 0 0.85rem 0;
}

.ref-subtext {
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  line-height: 1.6;
  color: #64748B;
  max-width: 600px;
  margin: 0;
}

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   01 — OUR COMMITMENT / LIFECYCLE JOURNEY (Reference-Driven Circular Timeline)
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
.ref-section-commitment {
  background-color: #FAFBFD;
  background-image: 
    radial-gradient(circle at 10% 20%, rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.03) 0%, transparent 40%),
    linear-gradient(180deg, #FFFFFF 0%, #F8FAFC 100%);
  border-bottom: 1px solid #E2E8F0;
  padding: clamp(4.5rem, 6.5vh, 5.5rem) 0;
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
}

/* Subtle background industrial water treatment plant linework/photo */
.ref-commitment-bg-watermark {
  position: absolute;
  top: 0;
  right: 0;
  width: 48%;
  max-width: 580px;
  height: 280px;
  pointer-events: none;
  opacity: 0.16;
  mix-blend-mode: multiply;
  mask-image: radial-gradient(circle at 75% 30%, black 30%, transparent 80%);
  -webkit-mask-image: radial-gradient(circle at 75% 30%, black 30%, transparent 80%);
  z-index: 1;
}

.ref-commitment-bg-watermark img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: cover;
  object-position: right top;
}

/* Header Composition */
.ref-commitment-header {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 2;
  max-width: 720px;
  margin-bottom: 2.25rem;
}

.ref-commitment-title {
  font-size: clamp(2.35rem, 4.4vw, 3.65rem);
  font-weight: 800;
  line-height: 1.08;
  color: #0F172A;
  letter-spacing: -0.03em;
  margin: 0.35rem 0 1rem 0;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

/* Horizontal Lifecycle Track Container */
.ref-commitment-track {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 2;
  display: flex;
  align-items: flex-start;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 0.75rem;
  padding-top: 0.5rem;
}

/* Continuous SVG Horizontal Process Line */
.ref-commitment-svg-line {
  position: absolute;
  top: 78px; /* Aligns with circle center (160px / 2 = 80px minus SVG line center) */
  left: 0;
  right: 0;
  height: 20px;
  pointer-events: none;
  z-index: 1;
}

.ref-commitment-svg-line svg {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
}

.ref-commitment-svg-track {
  stroke: #E2E8F0;
  stroke-width: 3;
}

.ref-commitment-svg-progress {
  stroke: url(#approachPathGradient);
  stroke-width: 3.5;
  stroke-linecap: round;
  stroke-dasharray: 1000;
  stroke-dashoffset: 1000;
  transition: stroke-dashoffset 0.8s cubic-bezier(0.16, 1, 0.3, 1);
  filter: drop-shadow(0 2px 6px rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.25));
}

/* Node Container */
.ref-commitment-node {
  flex: 1;
  max-width: 240px;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: center;
  text-align: center;
  position: relative;
  z-index: 3;
  transition: transform 0.3s ease;
}

.ref-commitment-node:hover {
  transform: translateY(-3px);
}

/* Circular Image Frame with Colored Accent Ring */
.ref-circle-frame {
  position: relative;
  width: 160px;
  height: 160px;
  box-sizing: border-box;
  margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
  border-radius: 50%;
  padding: 6px;
  background-color: #FFFFFF;
  box-shadow: 0 8px 24px -4px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.12);
  transition: box-shadow 0.3s ease;
}

.ref-circle-frame.ring-blue {
  border: 4px solid #0284C7;
  box-shadow: 0 10px 28px -4px rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.22);
}

.ref-circle-frame.ring-orange {
  border: 4px solid #EA580C;
  box-shadow: 0 10px 28px -4px rgba(234, 88, 12, 0.22);
}

.ref-circle-frame.ring-green {
  border: 4px solid #16A34A;
  box-shadow: 0 10px 28px -4px rgba(22, 163, 74, 0.22);
}

.ref-circle-frame.ring-navy {
  border: 4px solid #0F172A;
  box-shadow: 0 10px 28px -4px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.25);
}

.ref-circle-img-wrap {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  border-radius: 50%;
  overflow: hidden;
  background-color: #E2E8F0;
}

.ref-circle-img-wrap img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: cover;
  display: block;
  transition: transform 0.5s ease;
}

.ref-commitment-node:hover .ref-circle-img-wrap img {
  transform: scale(1.08);
}

/* Floating Icon Badges */
.ref-badge-icon {
  position: absolute;
  top: -8px;
  left: -8px;
  width: 44px;
  height: 44px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  color: #FFFFFF;
  border: 3px solid #FFFFFF;
  box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.18);
  transition: transform 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.34, 1.56, 0.64, 1);
  z-index: 4;
}

.ref-commitment-node:hover .ref-badge-icon {
  transform: scale(1.12);
}

.badge-blue {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0284C7 0%, #0369A1 100%);
}

.badge-orange {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #EA580C 0%, #C2410C 100%);
}

.badge-green {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #16A34A 0%, #15803D 100%);
}

.badge-navy {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #1E293B 0%, #0F172A 100%);
}

/* Connecting Arrow Nodes — Center mathematically: (160 - 34) / 2 + 8px padding = 71px */
.ref-commitment-arrow-node {
  margin-top: 71px;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  flex-shrink: 0;
  z-index: 2;
  transition: transform 0.3s ease, opacity 0.3s ease;
}

.ref-arrow-circle {
  width: 34px;
  height: 34px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background-color: #FFFFFF;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.08);
  border: 2px solid #CBD5E1;
  transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.ref-arrow-circle.arrow-blue {
  border-color: #0284C7;
  color: #0284C7;
}

.ref-arrow-circle.arrow-orange {
  border-color: #EA580C;
  color: #EA580C;
}

.ref-arrow-circle.arrow-green {
  border-color: #16A34A;
  color: #16A34A;
}

.ref-commitment-node:hover + .ref-commitment-arrow-node .ref-arrow-circle {
  transform: translateX(3px) scale(1.08);
}

/* Meta Content: Numbers, Stage Title, Description */
.ref-commitment-meta {
  width: 100%;
}

.ref-commitment-num {
  font-size: clamp(2rem, 3.2vw, 2.75rem);
  font-weight: 800;
  line-height: 1;
  margin-bottom: 0.4rem;
  letter-spacing: -0.03em;
  font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
  opacity: 0.95;
  transition: opacity 0.3s ease, transform 0.3s ease;
}

.ref-commitment-node:hover .ref-commitment-num,
.ref-commitment-node.is-active .ref-commitment-num {
  opacity: 1;
}

.num-blue { color: #0284C7; }
.num-orange { color: #EA580C; }
.num-green { color: #16A34A; }
.num-navy { color: #0F172A; }

.ref-commitment-stage-title {
  font-size: 1.15rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  color: #0F172A;
  letter-spacing: 0.05em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  margin: 0 0 0.5rem 0;
  line-height: 1.2;
}

.ref-commitment-desc {
  font-size: 0.875rem;
  line-height: 1.5;
  color: #64748B;
  margin: 0;
  max-width: 200px;
  min-height: 42px;
  margin-left: auto;
  margin-right: auto;
}

/* Responsive adjustments for Tablets & Mobile */
@media (max-width: 1024px) {
  .ref-circle-frame {
    width: 130px;
    height: 130px;
  }
  .ref-badge-icon {
    width: 38px;
    height: 38px;
  }
  .ref-badge-icon svg {
    width: 17px;
    height: 17px;
  }
  .ref-commitment-arrow-node {
    margin-top: 55px;
  }
  .ref-commitment-svg-line {
    top: 75px;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .ref-section-commitment {
    padding: 4rem 0 !important;
  }
  .ref-commitment-bg-watermark {
    display: none;
  }
  .ref-commitment-track {
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: stretch;
    gap: 2.75rem;
    position: relative;
    padding-left: 2.75rem;
  }
  /* Continuous Left Spine Track on Mobile */
  .ref-commitment-track::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    left: 20px;
    top: 20px;
    bottom: 20px;
    width: 3px;
    background: linear-gradient(180deg, #0284C7 0%, #EA580C 33%, #16A34A 66%, #0F172A 100%);
    border-radius: 2px;
    z-index: 1;
  }
  .ref-commitment-svg-line,
  .ref-commitment-arrow-node {
    display: none;
  }
  .ref-commitment-node {
    max-width: 100%;
    flex-direction: row;
    align-items: center;
    text-align: left;
    gap: 1.5rem;
    position: relative;
    z-index: 2;
  }
  .ref-circle-frame {
    width: 100px;
    height: 100px;
    margin-bottom: 0;
    flex-shrink: 0;
  }
  .ref-badge-icon {
    width: 32px;
    height: 32px;
    top: -4px;
    left: -4px;
  }
  .ref-badge-icon svg {
    width: 15px;
    height: 15px;
  }
  .ref-commitment-meta {
    flex: 1;
  }
  .ref-commitment-desc {
    margin-left: 0;
    max-width: 100%;
  }
}

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   02, 03, 04 — WIDE STRIP SECTIONS (Water, Solar, Power)
   Reference layout: Left content with pills + CTA, Right expansive photography
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
.ref-wide-strip {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1.35fr;
  align-items: center;
  min-height: 540px;
}

.ref-strip-title {
  font-size: clamp(2.25rem, 4vw, 3.5rem);
  font-weight: 800;
  line-height: 1.1;
  color: #0F172A;
  letter-spacing: -0.025em;
  margin: 0 0 1rem 0;
}

.ref-strip-desc {
  font-size: 1rem;
  line-height: 1.6;
  color: #475569;
  max-width: 480px;
  margin: 0 0 1.75rem 0;
}

.ref-strip-actions {
  margin-bottom: 2rem;
}

/* Water Specifics */
.ref-section-water {
  background-color: #F0F8FF;
  border-bottom: 1px solid #BAE6FD;
}

.ref-water-left {
  padding: clamp(3.5rem, 6vh, 5.5rem) clamp(2rem, 5vw, 4.5rem);
}

.ref-water-right {
  height: 100%;
  min-height: 540px;
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.ref-water-right img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: cover;
  display: block;
}

.text-water { color: #0284C7; }

.ref-btn-water {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.5rem;
  padding: 0.85rem 1.85rem;
  background-color: #0284C7;
  color: #FFFFFF;
  border-radius: 6px;
  font-weight: 700;
  font-size: 0.9375rem;
  text-decoration: none;
  box-shadow: 0 4px 14px rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.3);
  transition: all 0.25s ease;
}

.ref-btn-water:hover {
  background-color: #0369A1;
  transform: translateY(-2px);
  box-shadow: 0 6px 18px rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.4);
}

/* Structured 2-Row Category Navigation for Water */
.ref-water-nav-grid {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 1.25rem;
  margin-top: 1.75rem;
  padding-top: 1.5rem;
  border-top: 1px solid #BAE6FD;
}

.ref-water-nav-row {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 1.5rem;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.ref-water-nav-item {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.55rem;
  text-decoration: none;
  color: #334155;
  font-size: 0.8125rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.05em;
  padding: 0.35rem 0.65rem;
  border-radius: 6px;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8);
  border: 1px solid #BAE6FD;
  transition: all 0.2s ease;
}

.ref-water-nav-item:hover {
  color: #0284C7;
  background: #FFFFFF;
  border-color: #0284C7;
  transform: translateY(-1px);
}

.ref-water-nav-icon {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  color: #0284C7;
}

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Solar Specifics — MIRRORED LAYOUT (Left Visual 50%, Right Content 50%)
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
.strip-mirrored {
  grid-template-columns: 1.35fr 1fr;
}

.ref-section-solar {
  background-color: #FFFFFF;
  background-image: 
    radial-gradient(circle at 90% 20%, rgba(22, 163, 74, 0.03) 0%, transparent 45%),
    linear-gradient(180deg, #FFFFFF 0%, #FAFAF8 100%);
  border-bottom: 1px solid #E2E8F0;
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
}

/* Left 50% Media Container */
.ref-solar-media {
  height: 100%;
  min-height: 540px;
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.ref-solar-img-wrapper {
  position: relative;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
}

.ref-solar-img-wrapper img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: cover;
  display: block;
}

/* Subtle soft blend gradient into the white/neutral right content panel */
.ref-solar-gradient-blend {
  position: absolute;
  top: 0;
  right: 0;
  bottom: 0;
  width: 22%;
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0) 0%, #FFFFFF 100%);
  pointer-events: none;
}

/* Right 50% Content Container */
.ref-solar-content {
  padding: clamp(3.5rem, 6vh, 5.5rem) clamp(2rem, 5vw, 4.5rem);
  position: relative;
  z-index: 2;
}

.text-solar { color: #16A34A; }

.ref-btn-solar {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.5rem;
  padding: 0.85rem 1.85rem;
  background-color: #16A34A;
  color: #FFFFFF;
  border-radius: 6px;
  font-weight: 700;
  font-size: 0.9375rem;
  text-decoration: none;
  box-shadow: 0 4px 14px rgba(22, 163, 74, 0.3);
  transition: all 0.25s ease;
}

.ref-btn-solar:hover {
  background-color: #15803D;
  transform: translateY(-2px);
  box-shadow: 0 6px 18px rgba(22, 163, 74, 0.4);
}

/* Structured 2-Row Category Navigation */
.ref-solar-nav-grid {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 1.25rem;
  margin-top: 2rem;
  padding-top: 1.5rem;
  border-top: 1px solid #E2E8F0;
}

.ref-solar-nav-row {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 1.5rem;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.ref-solar-nav-item {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.55rem;
  text-decoration: none;
  color: #334155;
  font-size: 0.8125rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.05em;
  padding: 0.35rem 0.65rem;
  border-radius: 6px;
  background: rgba(241, 245, 249, 0.6);
  border: 1px solid rgba(226, 232, 240, 0.8);
  transition: all 0.2s ease;
}

.ref-solar-nav-item:hover {
  color: #16A34A;
  background: #F0FDF4;
  border-color: #BBF7D0;
  transform: translateY(-1px);
}

.ref-solar-nav-icon {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  color: #16A34A;
}

/* Power Specifics (Dark Navy Facility) */
.ref-section-power {
  background-color: #0B1528;
  background-image: 
    radial-gradient(circle at 10% 20%, rgba(234, 88, 12, 0.05) 0%, transparent 45%),
    linear-gradient(180deg, #091322 0%, #060E1A 100%);
  border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.08);
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.ref-power-left {
  padding: clamp(3.5rem, 6vh, 5.5rem) clamp(2rem, 5vw, 4.5rem);
  position: relative;
  z-index: 2;
}

.ref-power-right {
  height: 100%;
  min-height: 540px;
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.ref-power-img-wrapper {
  position: relative;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
}

.ref-power-img-wrapper img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: cover;
  display: block;
}

/* Subtle soft blend gradient into the deep navy left content panel */
.ref-power-gradient-blend {
  position: absolute;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  bottom: 0;
  width: 25%;
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, #091322 0%, rgba(9, 19, 34, 0) 100%);
  pointer-events: none;
}

.text-power { color: #EA580C; }
.text-white { color: #FFFFFF !important; }
.text-slate-300 { color: #CBD5E1 !important; }

.ref-btn-power {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.5rem;
  padding: 0.85rem 1.85rem;
  background-color: #EA580C;
  color: #FFFFFF;
  border-radius: 6px;
  font-weight: 700;
  font-size: 0.9375rem;
  text-decoration: none;
  box-shadow: 0 4px 14px rgba(234, 88, 12, 0.35);
  transition: all 0.25s ease;
}

.ref-btn-power:hover {
  background-color: #C2410C;
  transform: translateY(-2px);
  box-shadow: 0 6px 18px rgba(234, 88, 12, 0.45);
}

/* Structured 2-Row Category Navigation (Dark Theme) */
.ref-power-nav-grid {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 1.25rem;
  margin-top: 2rem;
  padding-top: 1.5rem;
  border-top: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
}

.ref-power-nav-row {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 1.5rem;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.ref-power-nav-item {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.55rem;
  text-decoration: none;
  color: #CBD5E1;
  font-size: 0.8125rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.05em;
  padding: 0.4rem 0.75rem;
  border-radius: 6px;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.05);
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
  transition: all 0.2s ease;
}

.ref-power-nav-item:hover {
  color: #FFFFFF;
  background: rgba(234, 88, 12, 0.18);
  border-color: #EA580C;
  transform: translateY(-1px);
}

.ref-power-nav-icon {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  color: #EA580C;
}

/* Product Pills in Water/Solar/Power */
.ref-feature-pills {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 1.25rem;
}

.ref-pill-item {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.45rem;
  text-decoration: none;
  color: #334155;
  font-size: 0.8125rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.05em;
  transition: color 0.2s ease, transform 0.2s ease;
}

.ref-pill-item:hover {
  color: #0284C7;
  transform: translateY(-1px);
}

.ref-pill-icon {
  font-size: 1rem;
  opacity: 0.75;
}

.pills-dark .ref-pill-item {
  color: #94A3B8;
}

.pills-dark .ref-pill-item:hover {
  color: #EA580C;
}

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   05 — ENGINEERED PRODUCT ECOSYSTEM (Interactive Schematic)
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
.ref-section-ecosystem {
  background-color: #FAFBFD;
  border-bottom: 1px solid #E2E8F0;
  padding: clamp(4.5rem, 6.5vh, 5.5rem) 0;
}

.ref-ecosystem-header {
  margin-bottom: 2.5rem;
}

.ref-category-toggles {
  display: inline-flex;
  gap: 0.35rem;
  margin-top: 1.5rem;
}

.ref-cat-btn {
  padding: 0.45rem 1.5rem;
  border: 1px solid #CBD5E1;
  background-color: #FFFFFF;
  color: #475569;
  border-radius: 4px;
  font-size: 0.8125rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: all 0.2s ease;
}

.ref-cat-btn.active {
  background-color: #0284C7;
  color: #FFFFFF;
  border-color: #0284C7;
  box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.25);
}

.ref-ecosystem-stage {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 300px;
  gap: 2.5rem;
  align-items: center;
}

.ref-ecosystem-schematic {
  position: relative;
  background-color: #FFFFFF;
  border-radius: 12px;
  padding: 2.5rem;
  border: 1px solid #E2E8F0;
  box-shadow: 0 10px 30px -10px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.06);
}

.ref-schematic-wrapper {
  position: relative;
  width: 100%;
  max-width: 720px;
  margin: 0 auto;
}

.ref-schematic-wrapper img {
  width: 100%;
  height: auto;
  display: block;
  object-fit: contain;
}

/* Callout Tags & Floating Badges */
.ref-callout-layer {
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  pointer-events: none;
}

.ref-callout-tag {
  position: absolute;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 8px;
  pointer-events: auto;
}

.callout-pill {
  padding: 0.35rem 0.85rem;
  background-color: #FFFFFF;
  border: 1px solid #CBD5E1;
  border-radius: 4px;
  font-size: 0.6875rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  color: #0F172A;
  box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.08);
  white-space: nowrap;
  transition: all 0.2s ease;
}

.callout-pill:hover {
  border-color: #0284C7;
  color: #0284C7;
  transform: scale(1.05);
}

.callout-pill.pill-primary {
  background-color: #0284C7;
  color: #FFFFFF;
  border-color: #0284C7;
  box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.3);
}

.callout-line {
  display: inline-block;
  width: 28px;
  height: 1px;
  background-color: #94A3B8;
  position: relative;
}

.callout-line::after {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  right: 0;
  top: -2px;
  width: 5px;
  height: 5px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background-color: #0284C7;
}

/* Tag Positioning on Schematic */
.callout-tl { top: 12%; left: -8%; }
.callout-ml { top: 40%; left: -2%; }
.callout-bl { bottom: 12%; left: -4%; }

.callout-top-center {
  top: -8%;
  left: 36%;
}

.callout-tr {
  top: 10%;
  right: -8%;
}
.callout-tr .callout-line::after { left: 0; right: auto; }

.callout-mr1 {
  top: 32%;
  right: -12%;
}
.callout-mr1 .callout-line::after { left: 0; right: auto; }

.callout-mr2 {
  top: 54%;
  right: -6%;
}
.callout-mr2 .callout-line::after { left: 0; right: auto; }

.callout-br {
  bottom: 14%;
  right: -6%;
}
.callout-br .callout-line::after { left: 0; right: auto; }

/* Right Detail Card */
.ref-detail-card {
  background-color: #FFFFFF;
  border-radius: 12px;
  padding: 2.25rem 2rem;
  border: 1px solid #E2E8F0;
  box-shadow: 0 8px 24px -8px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.08);
}

.ref-detail-title {
  font-size: 1.25rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  color: #0F172A;
  margin: 0 0 0.75rem 0;
  letter-spacing: 0.02em;
}

.ref-detail-desc {
  font-size: 0.875rem;
  line-height: 1.55;
  color: #64748B;
  margin: 0 0 1.5rem 0;
}

.ref-detail-link {
  display: inline-block;
  font-size: 0.875rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: #0284C7;
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: transform 0.2s ease;
}

.ref-detail-link:hover {
  transform: translateX(3px);
}

.ref-detail-nav {
  display: flex;
  gap: 0.5rem;
  margin-top: 2rem;
  justify-content: flex-end;
}

.ref-nav-arrow {
  width: 32px;
  height: 32px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  border: 1px solid #CBD5E1;
  background-color: #FFFFFF;
  color: #64748B;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  font-size: 0.8125rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: all 0.2s ease;
}

.ref-nav-arrow:hover {
  border-color: #0284C7;
  color: #0284C7;
  background-color: #F0F8FF;
}

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   06 — WHY PERFECT ECOTECH (Reference-Driven Connected Engineering Ribbons V2)
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
.ref-section-why-v2 {
  background-color: #FAFBFD;
  background-image: 
    radial-gradient(circle at 15% 25%, rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.04) 0%, transparent 45%),
    linear-gradient(180deg, #FFFFFF 0%, #F8FAFC 100%);
  border-bottom: 1px solid #E2E8F0;
  padding: clamp(4.5rem, 6.5vh, 5.5rem) 0;
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.ref-why-layout {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 0.95fr 1.2fr;
  gap: clamp(2.5rem, 5vw, 4.5rem);
  align-items: center;
}

/* Left 45%: Visual Side (Editorial Typography + Technical Aperture) */
.ref-why-visual-side {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  position: relative;
  z-index: 2;
}

.ref-why-header-block {
  margin-bottom: 2.25rem;
}

.ref-why-editorial-heading {
  font-size: clamp(2.6rem, 4.8vw, 4.25rem);
  font-weight: 800;
  line-height: 1.04;
  color: #0F172A;
  letter-spacing: -0.03em;
  margin: 0.35rem 0 1rem 0;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.text-primary-blue {
  color: #0284C7;
}

.ref-why-subtext {
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  line-height: 1.6;
  color: #64748B;
  max-width: 440px;
  margin: 0;
}

.ref-why-accent-dash {
  width: 44px;
  height: 3px;
  background-color: #0284C7;
  border-radius: 2px;
  margin-top: 1.25rem;
}

/* Technical Circular Aperture Frame */
.ref-why-aperture-frame {
  position: relative;
  width: 100%;
  max-width: 400px;
  aspect-ratio: 1 / 1;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  margin-top: 0.5rem;
}

.ref-aperture-ring {
  position: absolute;
  inset: -14px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  border: 1.5px dashed #CBD5E1;
  pointer-events: none;
  animation: apertureSlowRotate 60s linear infinite;
  opacity: 0.75;
}

@keyframes apertureSlowRotate {
  from { transform: rotate(0deg); }
  to { transform: rotate(360deg); }
}

.ref-aperture-circle-wrap {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  border-radius: 50%;
  overflow: hidden;
  box-shadow: 0 14px 36px -10px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.16);
  border: 5px solid #FFFFFF;
  background-color: #E2E8F0;
  transition: transform 0.4s ease, box-shadow 0.4s ease;
}

.ref-why-aperture-frame.is-highlighted .ref-aperture-circle-wrap,
.ref-why-aperture-frame:hover .ref-aperture-circle-wrap {
  transform: scale(1.03);
  box-shadow: 0 20px 45px -12px rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.25);
}

.ref-aperture-circle-wrap img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: cover;
  display: block;
  transition: transform 0.6s ease;
}

.ref-why-aperture-frame:hover .ref-aperture-circle-wrap img {
  transform: scale(1.05);
}

/* Right 55%: Connected Modules / Ribbons Side */
.ref-why-modules-side {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 2;
}

/* Background Curved Schematic Line (Desktop) */
.ref-why-svg-arc-wrap {
  position: absolute;
  top: 15px;
  bottom: 15px;
  left: 20px;
  width: 50px;
  pointer-events: none;
  z-index: 1;
}

.ref-why-svg-arc {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
}

.ref-why-arc-track {
  stroke: #E2E8F0;
  stroke-width: 2.5;
  stroke-dasharray: 4 4;
}

.ref-why-arc-progress {
  stroke: url(#approachPathGradient);
  stroke-width: 3.5;
  stroke-linecap: round;
  stroke-dasharray: 1000;
  stroke-dashoffset: 1000;
  transition: stroke-dashoffset 0.8s cubic-bezier(0.16, 1, 0.3, 1);
}

/* Vertical Stack of Connected Ribbons */
.ref-why-ribbons-stack {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 1.25rem;
  position: relative;
  z-index: 2;
}

/* Single Ribbon / Module */
.ref-why-ribbon {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  position: relative;
  transition: all 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.16, 1, 0.3, 1);
}

.ref-why-ribbon.is-dimmed {
  opacity: 0.55;
  transform: scale(0.99);
}

.ref-why-ribbon:hover {
  transform: translateX(6px) scale(1.01);
  opacity: 1 !important;
}

/* Circular Node Badge on Ribbon Left */
.ref-ribbon-node {
  width: 36px;
  height: 36px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background-color: #FFFFFF;
  border: 2px solid #CBD5E1;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  position: absolute;
  left: -18px;
  z-index: 4;
  box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.08);
  transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.ref-ribbon-num {
  font-size: 0.75rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
  color: #64748B;
}

.ref-why-ribbon:hover .ref-ribbon-node,
.ref-why-ribbon.is-active .ref-ribbon-node {
  transform: scale(1.1);
  border-color: currentColor;
}

.node-deep-blue { color: #0284C7; }
.node-cyan { color: #06B6D4; }
.node-green { color: #16A34A; }
.node-orange { color: #EA580C; }
.node-crimson { color: #E11D48; }

/* Elongated Horizontal Pill Capsule Body */
.ref-ribbon-body {
  flex: 1;
  margin-left: 18px;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  padding: 0.55rem 0.6rem 0.55rem 1.25rem;
  border-radius: 50px;
  color: #FFFFFF;
  box-shadow: 0 6px 20px -4px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.12);
  transition: box-shadow 0.3s ease;
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.ref-why-ribbon:hover .ref-ribbon-body {
  box-shadow: 0 10px 28px -4px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.2);
}

/* Distinct Brand Progression Gradients */
.ribbon-deep-blue .ref-ribbon-body {
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, #0284C7 0%, #0369A1 100%);
}

.ribbon-cyan .ref-ribbon-body {
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, #06B6D4 0%, #0891B2 100%);
}

.ribbon-green .ref-ribbon-body {
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, #16A34A 0%, #15803D 100%);
}

.ribbon-orange .ref-ribbon-body {
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, #EA580C 0%, #C2410C 100%);
}

.ribbon-crimson .ref-ribbon-body {
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, #E11D48 0%, #BE123C 100%);
}

/* Circular Icon inside Ribbon */
.ref-ribbon-icon-circle {
  width: 44px;
  height: 44px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.18);
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3);
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  flex-shrink: 0;
  margin-right: 1.15rem;
  color: #FFFFFF;
  backdrop-filter: blur(4px);
  -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(4px);
}

/* Text inside Ribbon */
.ref-ribbon-text {
  flex: 1;
  padding-right: 1rem;
}

.ref-ribbon-title {
  font-size: 1.05rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  color: #FFFFFF;
  margin: 0 0 0.2rem 0;
  letter-spacing: -0.01em;
}

.ref-ribbon-desc {
  font-size: 0.8125rem;
  line-height: 1.4;
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.88);
  margin: 0;
  font-weight: 500;
  min-height: 36px;
}

/* Thumbnail Visual & Arrow on Right of Ribbon */
.ref-ribbon-thumb-end {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.65rem;
  flex-shrink: 0;
}

.ref-ribbon-thumb-end img {
  width: 100px;
  height: 48px;
  object-fit: cover;
  border-radius: 24px;
  border: 1.5px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.4);
  display: block;
}

.ref-ribbon-arrow {
  width: 32px;
  height: 32px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: #FFFFFF;
  color: #0F172A;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  font-size: 1.25rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  line-height: 1;
  box-shadow: 0 2px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);
  transition: transform 0.2s ease;
}

.ref-why-ribbon:hover .ref-ribbon-arrow {
  transform: translateX(3px);
}

/* Responsive Rules for Tablet and Mobile */
@media (max-width: 1024px) {
  .ref-why-layout {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 3rem;
  }
  .ref-why-aperture-frame {
    max-width: 320px;
    margin: 0 auto;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .ref-section-why-v2 {
    padding: 3.5rem 0 !important;
  }
  .ref-why-svg-arc-wrap {
    display: none;
  }
  .ref-ribbon-thumb-end {
    display: none; /* Hide wide thumbnail preview on narrow mobile screens to avoid text crowding */
  }
  .ref-ribbon-body {
    padding: 0.85rem 1rem 0.85rem 1.15rem;
    border-radius: 16px;
    margin-left: 0;
  }
  .ref-ribbon-node {
    position: static;
    margin-right: 0.65rem;
    flex-shrink: 0;
    width: 32px;
    height: 32px;
  }
  .ref-why-ribbon {
    flex-direction: row;
    align-items: center;
  }
  .ref-why-editorial-heading {
    font-size: 2.35rem;
  }
  .ref-ribbon-icon-circle {
    width: 38px;
    height: 38px;
    margin-right: 0.75rem;
  }
  .ref-ribbon-title {
    font-size: 0.95rem;
  }
  .ref-ribbon-desc {
    font-size: 0.775rem;
    line-height: 1.35;
  }
}

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   07 — OUR APPROACH (Reference-Driven Alternating S-Curve Process V2)
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
.ref-section-approach-v2 {
  background-color: #FAFBFD;
  background-image: 
    radial-gradient(circle at 85% 15%, rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.04) 0%, transparent 45%),
    linear-gradient(180deg, #FFFFFF 0%, #F8FAFC 100%);
  border-bottom: 1px solid #E2E8F0;
  padding: clamp(4.5rem, 6.5vh, 5.5rem) 0;
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.ref-approach-header {
  margin-bottom: 3rem;
  max-width: 680px;
}

.ref-approach-main-title {
  font-size: clamp(2.4rem, 4.5vw, 3.25rem);
  font-weight: 800;
  color: #0F172A;
  letter-spacing: -0.025em;
  margin: 0.25rem 0 0.85rem 0;
  line-height: 1.1;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

/* Outer stage diagram */
.ref-approach-diagram {
  position: relative;
  max-width: 1180px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 2.75rem;
}

/* Background continuous SVG spine line */
.ref-approach-svg-wrapper {
  position: absolute;
  top: 0;
  bottom: 0;
  left: 0;
  right: 0;
  pointer-events: none;
  z-index: 1;
}

.ref-approach-svg {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
}

.ref-approach-svg-track {
  stroke: #CBD5E1;
  stroke-width: 3;
}

.ref-approach-svg-progress {
  stroke: url(#approachPathGradient);
  stroke-width: 4;
  stroke-linecap: round;
  filter: drop-shadow(0 2px 6px rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.2));
}

/* Stage Row (3-column layout on desktop: Visual | Node | Content) */
.ref-approach-row {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 100px 1fr;
  align-items: center;
  position: relative;
  z-index: 2;
  transition: opacity 0.4s ease, transform 0.4s ease;
  opacity: 0.88;
}

.ref-approach-row.is-active,
.ref-approach-row:hover {
  opacity: 1;
}

/* Reversed row for stages 02 & 04 */
.ref-approach-row.row-reverse {
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 100px 1fr;
}

/* Center node column */
.ref-stage-node-col {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: center;
  align-items: center;
  position: relative;
}

.ref-stage-node {
  width: 66px;
  height: 66px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  color: #FFFFFF;
  background: #0284C7;
  box-shadow: 0 4px 18px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.12);
  transition: transform 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.34, 1.56, 0.64, 1), box-shadow 0.3s ease;
  cursor: pointer;
  z-index: 3;
  border: 4px solid #FFFFFF;
}

.ref-approach-row:hover .ref-stage-node,
.ref-approach-row.is-active .ref-stage-node {
  transform: scale(1.08);
}

.ref-stage-node.node-cyan {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0284C7 0%, #0369A1 100%);
  box-shadow: 0 6px 20px rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.35);
}

.ref-stage-node.node-green {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #16A34A 0%, #15803D 100%);
  box-shadow: 0 6px 20px rgba(22, 163, 74, 0.35);
}

.ref-stage-node.node-orange {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #EA580C 0%, #C2410C 100%);
  box-shadow: 0 6px 20px rgba(234, 88, 12, 0.35);
}

.ref-stage-node.node-navy {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #1E293B 0%, #0F172A 100%);
  box-shadow: 0 6px 20px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.4);
}

/* Visual Column & Realistic Photo Panel */
.ref-stage-visual-col {
  display: flex;
  width: 100%;
}

.stage-col-left {
  justify-content: flex-end;
}

.stage-col-right {
  justify-content: flex-start;
}

.ref-stage-img-wrap {
  width: 100%;
  max-width: 540px;
  aspect-ratio: 16 / 9;
  border-radius: 12px;
  overflow: hidden;
  background-color: #E2E8F0;
  box-shadow: 0 8px 24px -6px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.12);
  border: 1px solid rgba(226, 232, 240, 0.8);
  position: relative;
  transition: transform 0.4s ease, box-shadow 0.4s ease;
}

.ref-approach-row:hover .ref-stage-img-wrap {
  transform: translateY(-3px);
  box-shadow: 0 14px 32px -8px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.18);
}

.ref-stage-img-wrap img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: cover;
  display: block;
  transition: transform 0.6s cubic-bezier(0.16, 1, 0.3, 1), filter 0.4s ease;
  filter: contrast(1.02) saturate(1.05);
}

.ref-approach-row:hover .ref-stage-img-wrap img {
  transform: scale(1.03);
}

/* Subtle directional chevron notch on images pointing to node (as seen in reference) */
.ref-stage-img-wrap.arrow-right::after {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  right: -1px;
  top: 50%;
  transform: translateY(-50%);
  border-top: 14px solid transparent;
  border-bottom: 14px solid transparent;
  border-left: 12px solid #FFFFFF;
  z-index: 2;
  filter: drop-shadow(2px 0 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.05));
}

.ref-stage-img-wrap.arrow-left::after {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  left: -1px;
  top: 50%;
  transform: translateY(-50%);
  border-top: 14px solid transparent;
  border-bottom: 14px solid transparent;
  border-right: 12px solid #FFFFFF;
  z-index: 2;
  filter: drop-shadow(-2px 0 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.05));
}

/* Content Column (Text block, large numbers, dot patterns) */
.ref-stage-content-col {
  padding: 0 2rem;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 1.5rem;
  position: relative;
}

.text-align-right {
  justify-content: flex-end;
  text-align: right;
}

.ref-stage-text-block {
  max-width: 360px;
}

/* Prominent Stage Numbers */
.ref-stage-num-badge {
  font-size: clamp(2.5rem, 4vw, 3.5rem);
  font-weight: 800;
  line-height: 1;
  letter-spacing: -0.03em;
  margin-bottom: 0.25rem;
  font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
  opacity: 0.85;
  transition: opacity 0.3s ease, transform 0.3s ease;
}

.ref-approach-row:hover .ref-stage-num-badge,
.ref-approach-row.is-active .ref-stage-num-badge {
  opacity: 1;
  transform: translateX(2px);
}

.row-reverse:hover .ref-stage-num-badge,
.row-reverse.is-active .ref-stage-num-badge {
  transform: translateX(-2px);
}

.num-cyan {
  color: #0284C7;
}

.num-green {
  color: #16A34A;
}

.num-orange {
  color: #EA580C;
}

.num-navy {
  color: #0F172A;
}

/* Stage Heading */
.ref-stage-heading {
  font-size: 1.35rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  color: #0F172A;
  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  margin: 0.25rem 0 0.5rem 0;
}

.ref-stage-divider {
  width: 32px;
  height: 2px;
  background: #CBD5E1;
  margin: 0.5rem 0 0.75rem 0;
  border-radius: 1px;
}

.text-align-right .ref-stage-divider {
  margin-left: auto;
}

.ref-stage-description {
  font-size: 0.9375rem;
  line-height: 1.55;
  color: #64748B;
  margin: 0;
  font-weight: 500;
}

/* Technical dot grid accent */
.ref-stage-dots {
  width: 60px;
  height: 40px;
  background-image: radial-gradient(#CBD5E1 1.5px, transparent 1.5px);
  background-size: 10px 10px;
  opacity: 0.65;
  flex-shrink: 0;
}

/* Responsive adjustments for Tablets & Mobile */
@media (max-width: 992px) {
  .ref-approach-row,
  .ref-approach-row.row-reverse {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr 80px 1fr;
    gap: 0.5rem;
  }
  .ref-stage-content-col {
    padding: 0 1rem;
  }
  .ref-stage-dots {
    display: none;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .ref-section-approach-v2 {
    padding: 4rem 0 !important;
  }
  .ref-approach-diagram {
    gap: 2.75rem;
  }
  .ref-approach-svg-wrapper {
    display: none; /* Mobile uses clean vertical line pseudo-element */
  }
  .ref-approach-row,
  .ref-approach-row.row-reverse {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: stretch;
    position: relative;
    padding-left: 3.5rem;
    gap: 1.25rem;
  }
  /* Mobile continuous left spine track */
  .ref-approach-diagram::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    left: 24px;
    top: 24px;
    bottom: 24px;
    width: 3px;
    background: linear-gradient(180deg, #0284C7 0%, #16A34A 33%, #EA580C 66%, #0F172A 100%);
    border-radius: 2px;
  }
  .ref-stage-node-col {
    position: absolute;
    left: 4px;
    top: 4px;
    justify-content: flex-start;
  }
  .ref-stage-node {
    width: 44px;
    height: 44px;
    border-width: 3px;
  }
  .ref-stage-node svg {
    width: 18px;
    height: 18px;
  }
  .ref-stage-content-col,
  .ref-stage-content-col.text-align-right {
    order: 1;
    padding: 0;
    text-align: left;
    justify-content: flex-start;
  }
  .text-align-right .ref-stage-divider {
    margin-left: 0;
  }
  .ref-stage-visual-col {
    order: 2;
    justify-content: flex-start;
  }
  .ref-stage-img-wrap {
    max-width: 100%;
    aspect-ratio: 16 / 9;
  }
  .ref-stage-img-wrap.arrow-right::after,
  .ref-stage-img-wrap.arrow-left::after {
    display: none;
  }
}

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   08 — APPLICATIONS (Editorial Horizontal Sector Strip)
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
.ref-section-applications {
  background-color: #FFFFFF;
  border-bottom: 1px solid #E2E8F0;
  padding: clamp(4.5rem, 6.5vh, 5.5rem) 0;
}

.ref-applications-header {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: flex-end;
  margin-bottom: 2.5rem;
}

.ref-btn-outline-cyan {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.4rem;
  padding: 0.6rem 1.25rem;
  border: 1px solid #0284C7;
  color: #0284C7;
  background: transparent;
  border-radius: 6px;
  font-size: 0.8125rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: all 0.2s ease;
}

.ref-btn-outline-cyan:hover {
  background-color: #0284C7;
  color: #FFFFFF;
}

.ref-sectors-strip {
  display: flex;
  gap: 1.25rem;
  height: 270px;
}

.ref-sector-panel {
  position: relative;
  flex: 1 1 0;
  width: 0; /* Ensures exactly equal distribution */
  border-radius: 8px;
  overflow: hidden;
  text-decoration: none;
  background-color: #0F172A;
  transition: transform 0.3s ease, box-shadow 0.3s ease;
}

.ref-sector-panel:hover {
  transform: translateY(-4px);
  box-shadow: 0 12px 24px -6px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.25);
}

.ref-sector-panel img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: cover;
  display: block;
  transition: transform 0.5s ease;
}

.ref-sector-panel:hover img {
  transform: scale(1.05);
}

.ref-sector-tag {
  position: absolute;
  bottom: 0;
  left: 0;
  right: 0;
  padding: 0.75rem 1rem;
  background: linear-gradient(180deg, transparent 0%, rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.85) 100%);
  color: #FFFFFF;
  font-size: 0.75rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: 0.1em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  z-index: 2;
}

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   09 — TECHNICAL KNOWLEDGE (Editorial Journal Layout)
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
.ref-section-knowledge {
  background-color: #FAFBFD;
  border-bottom: 1px solid #E2E8F0;
  padding: clamp(4.5rem, 6.5vh, 5.5rem) 0;
}

.ref-knowledge-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1.45fr 1fr 1fr;
  gap: 2rem;
  align-items: start;
}

.ref-lead-card {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  background-color: #FFFFFF;
  border-radius: 8px;
  overflow: hidden;
  border: 1px solid #E2E8F0;
  text-decoration: none;
  box-shadow: 0 4px 16px -4px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.06);
  transition: transform 0.3s ease;
}

.ref-lead-card:hover {
  transform: translateY(-4px);
}

.ref-lead-thumb {
  width: 100%;
  aspect-ratio: 16 / 10;
  overflow: hidden;
  background-color: #E2E8F0;
}

.ref-lead-thumb img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: cover;
  display: block;
}

.ref-lead-meta {
  padding: 1.5rem;
}

.ref-article-cat {
  display: inline-block;
  font-size: 0.6875rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: 0.12em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

.cat-water { color: #0284C7; }
.cat-solar { color: #16A34A; }
.cat-power { color: #EA580C; }

.ref-lead-title {
  font-size: 1.2rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  color: #0F172A;
  line-height: 1.3;
  margin: 0 0 0.65rem 0;
}

.ref-lead-desc {
  font-size: 0.8125rem;
  color: #64748B;
  line-height: 1.5;
  margin: 0 0 1rem 0;
}

.ref-article-link {
  font-size: 0.8125rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: #0284C7;
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.35rem;
}

.link-solar { color: #16A34A; }
.link-power { color: #EA580C; }

.ref-sub-card {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  padding: 1.5rem;
  background-color: #FFFFFF;
  border-radius: 8px;
  border: 1px solid #E2E8F0;
  text-decoration: none;
  box-shadow: 0 4px 16px -4px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.06);
  transition: transform 0.25s ease;
}

.ref-sub-card:hover {
  transform: translateY(-3px);
  border-color: #CBD5E1;
}

.ref-sub-title {
  font-size: 1.05rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  color: #0F172A;
  line-height: 1.35;
  margin: 0 0 1.25rem 0;
}

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   10 — FINAL CTA (Dark Cinematic Environment)
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
.ref-section-cta {
  background-color: #030814;
  position: relative;
  min-height: 460px;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  padding: clamp(4.5rem, 6.5vh, 5.5rem) 0;
}

.ref-cta-backdrop {
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  z-index: 1;
  opacity: 0.35;
}

.ref-cta-backdrop img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: cover;
  display: block;
}

.ref-cta-overlay {
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  z-index: 2;
  background: radial-gradient(ellipse at 50% 50%, rgba(3, 8, 20, 0.5) 0%, rgba(3, 8, 20, 0.95) 100%);
}

.ref-cta-content {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 3;
  text-align: center;
  max-width: 780px;
}

.ref-cta-title {
  font-size: clamp(2.5rem, 5vw, 4.25rem);
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
  color: #FFFFFF;
  margin: 0 0 1rem 0;
}

.ref-cta-desc {
  font-size: 1.05rem;
  line-height: 1.6;
  color: #CBD5E1;
  margin: 0 auto 2.5rem auto;
  max-width: 640px;
}

.ref-cta-actions {
  display: flex;
  gap: 1.25rem;
  justify-content: center;
  align-items: center;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.ref-btn-primary-cyan {
  padding: 0.85rem 2.25rem;
  background-color: #0284C7;
  color: #FFFFFF;
  border-radius: 6px;
  font-weight: 700;
  font-size: 0.9375rem;
  text-decoration: none;
  box-shadow: 0 4px 16px rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.4);
  transition: all 0.25s ease;
}

.ref-btn-primary-cyan:hover {
  background-color: #0369A1;
  transform: translateY(-2px);
  box-shadow: 0 6px 20px rgba(2, 132, 199, 0.5);
}

.ref-btn-outline-white {
  padding: 0.85rem 2.25rem;
  background: transparent;
  color: #FFFFFF;
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3);
  border-radius: 6px;
  font-weight: 700;
  font-size: 0.9375rem;
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: all 0.25s ease;
}

.ref-btn-outline-white:hover {
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
  border-color: #FFFFFF;
  transform: translateY(-2px);
}

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   RESPONSIVE DESIGN ADAPTATIONS (Desktop, Tablet, Mobile)
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
@media (max-width: 1024px) {
  .ref-wide-strip {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }
  .ref-water-right, .ref-solar-right, .ref-power-right {
    min-height: 360px;
  }
  .ref-ecosystem-stage {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }
  .ref-why-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 2.5rem;
  }
  .ref-sectors-strip {
    height: auto;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
  }
  .ref-sector-panel, .ref-sector-panel.sector-wide {
    flex: 1 1 calc(50% - 1.25rem);
    height: 180px;
  }
  .ref-knowledge-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .ref-section {
    padding: 3.5rem 0 !important;
  }
  .ref-wide-strip, .strip-mirrored {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }
  .ref-water-left, .ref-solar-left, .ref-solar-content, .ref-power-left {
    padding: 2.5rem 1.5rem;
  }
  .ref-water-right, .ref-solar-right, .ref-solar-media, .ref-power-right {
    min-height: 260px;
    height: 260px;
  }
  .ref-solar-media {
    order: 1;
  }
  .ref-solar-content {
    order: 2;
  }
  .ref-solar-gradient-blend, .ref-power-gradient-blend {
    display: none;
  }
  .ref-solar-nav-row, .ref-power-nav-row {
    gap: 0.75rem;
  }
  .ref-lifecycle-row {
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: stretch;
    gap: 2rem;
  }
  .ref-lifecycle-arrow {
    display: none;
  }
  .ref-ecosystem-stage {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }
  .ref-callout-layer {
    display: none; /* Hide dense technical callout badges on mobile to keep layout clean and legible */
  }
  .ref-why-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 2rem;
  }
  .ref-approach-track {
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: stretch;
    gap: 2rem;
  }
  .ref-approach-arrow {
    display: none;
  }
  .ref-sectors-strip {
    flex-direction: column;
    height: auto;
  }
  .ref-sector-panel, .ref-sector-panel.sector-wide {
    flex: 1 1 100%;
    height: 160px;
  }
  .ref-knowledge-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 1.5rem;
  }
  .ref-applications-header {
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: flex-start;
    gap: 1rem;
  }
}